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Best of Blog Issue 1

Free eBook – The Best of the Spirent Blog: Issue One

Spirent’s blog provides up-to-the-minute GNSS receiver testing news, insights and guidance, direct from our in-house experts.

To make this information even easier to access, we’ve now collected it together in a series of free ebooks – issue one is all about the receivers themselves.

Best of Blog Issue 1

Download your copy now for expert advice on topics including:

  • GNSS receiver integration
  • Running interference in GNSS receivers
  • The importance of static navigation accuracy
  • The importance of time to first fix

Simply enter a few details opposite to receive your free eBook–and happy reading!

About Spirent

Spirent has been the global leader in GNSS testing for near 30 years. Spirent delivers navigation and positioning test equipment and services to governmental agencies, major manufacturers, integrators, test facilities and space agencies worldwide.

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    Keep up to date with GNSS receiver testing with extracts from the Spirent blog. THE BEST OnullTHE SnullnullENT BnullOG FOCUS ON GNSS RECEIVER TESTING nullSSnullE null Welcome to the Spirent blog article extraction eBook nullage nullSPIRENT eBook Blog We’ve taken all of the best bits regarding GNSS receiver testing fronullthe blog so that nullonull can have all of this valnullble infornulltion in one nullace in an easnullto read fornulltnull nullONTENTSnull GNSS receiver integrationnullnot nullst the snull of the nullrts nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null Rnullning interference in GNSS receivers nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null Will all receivers eventnullllnullbe nullnulltinullNSSnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null The inullortance of tinull to nullst null nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null The inullortance of static navigation accnullacnullin a GNSS receiver nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null nullcationnullased services nullt nullessnulle on GNSS receiver nullrfornullnce nullnullnullnull nullage null nullonullto rednulle the challenge of Gnull integration nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null nullnullstions facing nulldern GNSS develonullrs nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null nullaking the connection in GNSS testing nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null Certinullation of GNSS devices nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null Test integritnullis essential nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null Testing GNSS receivers in a nullodnulltion environnullnt nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null GNSS tests nullthin a nullrodnulltion line environnullnt nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null GNSS test solnullions for a nullrodnulltion line environnullnt nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null Threat of inullort dnullies to increase anulleal of GnullONnullS nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null Whnullare nulle talking abonull nullnulltinullNSSnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null Gnull nullderninulltion nullth inullroved civilian signals nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullage null GNSS receiver integrationnull not nullst the sum of the parts ‘The only guarantee of continued product quality and reliable performance inullnullnull functional tenulling of the nullinulled productnull The abilitnull to integrate a GNSS receiver into an end nullodnullt offers nenullnullssibilities for nullnnullactnullers in a nullde range of both consnuller and indnulltrial nullrketsnull nullonullevernull designers of snullh nullodnullts need to be anullre that even the nullst highlnullintegrated GNSS receiver nulldnulle is not a nullt and forgetnull conullonentnull null nullth annull radio frenullencnull snulltenull there are design rnulles that nullst be follonullednull and even then the interaction of the receiver nullth the other fnullctions of the nullodnullt can create sonull snullnullising resnulltsnull nullthonullh radio frenullencnulldesign is not the nulllack artnullit nulls once considerednullthe design rnulles are inevitablnull nullre conulllenull than for digital designnullEven a slight failnulle to follonull the rnulles can lead to nullor nullrfornullncenulland as far as the end nuller is concerned nullclose bnull no cigarnullis not accenullablenull Worse stillnull once a design has been characterised and accenullednullseenullnglnullsnullll variations in nullnnullactnulling tolerancenull or a nullrchasing nullnager saving a fenullnullnnies bnull snullstitnulling a cheanullr conullonent can thronull the nullrfornullnce right onull the nullndonullnull The onlnull gnullrantee of continnulld nullodnullt nullalitnull and reliable nullrfornullnce is nullnull fnullctional testing of the nullished nullodnulltnullnulld that nullll nullan integrating a GNSS sinulllator in the nullodnulltion test setnullnull Fortnullatelnullnull Snullrent’s nullodnulltion test sinulllators have been develonulld nullth the denullnds of nullnnullactnulling in nullnd and snullnullrt singlenull channel or nullltichannel testing nullth the nullninullnullof onullrator interventionnull nullage nullSPIRENT eBook Blog ‘nullonull potential nullourcenull of interference are obnullounulland predictablenull It goes nullthonull sanullng that annullRF device as sensitive as a GNSS receiver nullll be inherentlnull vnullnerable to interferencenull Clearlnullnull care needs to be taken at both the design and integration stages to nullninullse interference effectsnullnullnull nullat interference sonullces need to be considerednullnulld honulldo nullonullknonullif nullonull receiver can deal nullth thenull nullost nulltential sonullces of interference are obvionull and nulledictablenullThe effects of nullednull frenullencnulltransnulltters for TVnullradio and the like can easilnullbe nulldelled and acconullted fornull Indeednullone advantage of nullrking nullth nullltinull GNSS receivers is that sonull are nullltinullenull frenullencnull devicesnull and therefore inherentlnull nullre resistant to interference on annullsnullcinull frenullencnullnull nullonullevernullthere are tnull sonullces of interference that nullonull ignore at nullonull nullrilnull the nullst of these is internallnull generated interferencenull and this is nullrticnullarlnull relevant in devices snullh as locationnullnabled nullbile handsetsnull The tnullical handset has a transnulltter canullble of transnulltting nullre than null in vernullclose nullonullnulltnullto the GNSS receiver nullnd tnull nullnull even share sonull signalnullath conullonentsnull Carefnull design nullrtitioning is essential to nullevent interferencenull The second is nullre snulltlenullbnull nullll increase over tinullnull and concerns the increasing nnullber of constellations and signals conullng on streanull So sanullnull for enullnulllenull nullonull have designed nullonull nullltinullNSS receiver to nullrk nullth both Gnull and GnullONnullSnull and then the Galileo snulltenullconulls onnullinenullthen the receiver nullll vienull the nullcorrelated signals fronull Galileo satellites as interferencenullnullt a sinulller levelnulla Gnullnullnlnullreceiver nullll vienull both GnullONnullS and Galileo as interferencenull In a sinulllar nullnullnull all civilian receivers need to nullrk in the nullesence of classinulld signals snullh as Gnull null and nullcodes and Galileo nullSnull Fortnullatelnullnulleven if nullonullare still nullrking nullth singlenullNSS receivers then nullonullcan test nullonull designs for interference fronullother snulltenull nulling a Snullrent Constellation sinulllator enullinulled nullth the interference onullionnullnulld this can even be nulled to sinulllate nullnullnted GNSS signalsnull nullage nullSPIRENT eBook Blog nullunning interference in GNSS receivers ‘Will all receinullrnull enullntually be nullultinullNSSnull ‘So many factornullthat impact on receinullr performancenull That nulls one of the nullestions nullt to nullohn nullottle nullarketing nullirectornullSnullrent Conullnullicationsnull nullositioning Gronull bnullCoordinates nullganullnenull nullonullcan nulld his ansnuller and the Snullrent vienull on nullnnullother interesting nullestions regarding fnullnulle GNSS trends and anulllications at the follonullng linknull Tinull to nullst null is a crnullial nullrfornullnce nullranullter for annullsatellite navigation snulltenull becanulle it is the nullst and nullst easilnull anullreciated evidence that the end nuller nullll have of the nullalitnull of the receivernull When nullonull consider that this anulllies enullallnull to nulltential nullers trnullng onull receivers in the shonull and to nullers nullintaining satisfaction nullth the snulltenull thenullhave bonullhtnullthen a fenull seconds here and there can nullke the difference betnulleen a hanullnull cnulltonullr and one that bnulls nullonull conulletitor’s nullodnulltnull nullnull honullcan nullonullbe snulle that nullonull receivers TTFF is onullinullnulled for best nullrfornullncenull Clearlnullnull onulltest itnullnulld nullonullcan even rnull the sanull tests on nullonull conulletitor’s nullodnulltsnull nullnull nullnd here’s the rnullnull be snulle that nullonull are rnullning enullctlnullthe sanull tests on each nullece of enullinullentnullThat nullans having the receivers in the sanull nullsitionnullthe satellites in the sanull nullsitionnullidentical atnullsnulleric conditions etc nullothernullse conullarisons are nullaninglessnull So nullile the nullrfornullnce nullonullare trnullng to assess nullll be felt bnull the nuller in the real nullrldnullthere are so nullnnullfactors that inullact on receiver nullrfornullnce that it is close to inullossible to nullke nullaningfnull conullarisons nulling realnullorld testingnull Using Snullrent’s constellation sinulllators nullder controlled laboratornullconditions is the best nullnullto ensnulle that nullodnullts are tested nullth a level nullanullng nullldnullWhat’s nullrenullthe abilitnull to rnull a near innullite nnullber of test scenarios renullodnullible nullder softnullre control on nullltinulle receivers nullll nullovide anullle evidence that nullonull nullodnullts nullll onullnullrfornull the conulletition nullder all nullnner of conditionsnull nullage nullSPIRENT eBook Blog The importance of time to nullst null ‘Extennullnull tenulling of both the nanullgation circuitry and the unullr interface are enullential in ennullring the nanullgation accuracy of any nullSS receinullr denullgnnull Read on and get nullonull Free conull of the Snullrent enullok enulllaining honullto nulldertake controlled testing of nullonull GNSS receiver designnull Of all the nullrfornullnce nulltrics for a GNSS receivernullnavigation accnullacnullis nullobablnullthe nullst inullortantnullnullore to the nullintnullnullnnullint static navigation accnullacnullis essential to the end nullernullnulld if he or she doesn’t get the enullct location null enullected nullen the receiver is null ered null for the nullst tinullnullthere nullll be little connullence in the overall nullrfornullnce of the receivernull Whether the initial nullnuller testnull takes nullace in the shonull before nullrchase or at honull nullen taking a nenullnullit onull of the bonull the consnuller has a reasonable enullectation that the GNSS receiver nullll be able to nullrk onull its start nullsitionnullSo not onlnullnullll he or she enullect the correct nullnullto be loadednullbnull also for the nullsition null to be disnullanulled to the nearest nulltre nullat nullrstnull nullnullnullstake at this stage and either the nullit nullll not nullke it onull of the shonullor it nullll be retnullned for a refnulldnull Enullensive testing of both the navigation circnulltrnulland the nuller interface are essential in ensnulling the navigation accnullacnull of annull GNSS receiver designnullnulld becanulle there are snullh a large nnullber of enullernal factors that can inullact on static navigation accnullacnullnullit is essential that the tests be nullrfornulld nullder controlled and renullatable conditions in the laboratornullnulling a GNSS sinulllatornullOnlnullthis nullll enable the designer to be snulle that the design nullll nullrfornull nullonullrlnullnull both nullder nulldealnullconditionsnulland nullder the innullence of these enullernal interfering innullencesnull nullonull can get nullre infornulltion on honull to nulldertake controlled testing of nullonull GNSS receiver design bnull donullloading the FREE enullok fronullSnullrentnull In this free enulloknullSnullrent enulllains the nullkenull tests that together deternullne the nullrfornullnce of annullGnullnullNSS receiversnull Find onull honulltesting GNSS receivers nullder real nullrld conditions alone does not gnullrantee their nullonullr onullrationnullIf nullonull’re designing or nullnnullactnulling nullocation anullrenullnullodnulltsnullnullonull need to read thisnull The importance of static navigation accuracnullin a GNSS receiver nullage nullSPIRENT eBook Blog ‘Social netnullrknulloffering nullnd a friendnullapplicationnull The addition of Gnull receivers to todanull’s snullrtnullonesnull netbooks and other internet enabled devices is allonullng nullbile onullrators and other service nulloviders to enullloit a gronullng nullrket for locationnullased servicesnull These can range fronullsocial netnullrks offering nullnd a friendnullanulllicationsnullto location based nullrketing and advertisingnullnulld nullonullcan be snulle that develonullrs nullll conull null nullth nullnnull nullre nenullanulllications for location data as the nullrket nulltnullesnull Regardless of the natnulle of the servicenullall locationnullased services nullt GNSS receiver nullrfornullnce at a nullenullnullnull nullter allnullthere is no nullint in giving a nuller a nullbile conullon for a bnulliness thenullnullssed nullst ten seconds agonulland telling thenullthenull are standing nullthin null nulltres of it nullen thenull can clearlnullsee thenullare nullnullnulltres anullnullnullthis is hardlnulllikelnullto endear thenullto annullservicenull While assisted Gnull can nullanull a role in the enullationnull onullratornullndenullndent locationnull based services relnullnullrelnullon the nullrfornullnce of the GNSS receiver in the nuller’s enullinullentnull The gronullh of snullh services nullans that it is nonulleven nullre inullortant to ensnulle that nullonull GNSS receiver design delivers the best nullssible nullrfornullnce nullder all onullrating conditionsnull nullave nullonullbeen tasked nullth the integration of Gnull nullr GnullONnullSnullchinull into a nullodnullt or snulltenull If so nullonullnullll be facing a nnullber of challengesnull nullSelecting nullich chinullet or nulldnulle to nulle null Ensnulling that the tinnull RF signals are getting thronullh nullEvalnullting the nullrfornullnce null nullesigning for test and nullnnullactnullabilitnull nullilst nulloviding ranulld tinull to nullrketnull nullonull nullst stenullshonulld be to consider nullat characteristics nullonull need in nullonull receivernull thenull are NOT all the sanullnull For enullnullle a receiver designed for high accnullacnullnullnullnot be onullinullsed for a ranulld startnullnullnullnullok at the nullnnullactnullers’ datasheets and nullonullnullll nulld that thenullare often difnullnullt to conullare nulling slightlnulldifferent nullranullter denullitionsnull Testing the nullits nullonullself nullnull be the onlnull nullnull to get a trnullnull accnullate and directlnull conullarative set of resnullts and renullated testing nullder identical test conditions is a nullb for a GNSS constellation sinulllatornull nullaving identinulld the receiver nullonull nullsh to nullenullthe nenull challenge is obtaining the sanull nullrfornullnce nullonullobserved on the evalnulltion boardnullbnull in nullonull circnulltnullOnce againnullGNSS sinulllation nullovides a controllablenullrenullatable testnullnullnullissnulls that arise dnulling this stage can often be resolved bnull sharing the test scenario nullth nullonull chosen vendornullScenarios are nullrtable betnulleen Snullrent nullchines so nullovided nullonull vendor has a Snullrent sinulllator nullnd nullst donull nulloblenull resolnullion can be signinullantlnullfastnull Finallnullnull nullonull need to denulle a baseline nullrfornullnce that can be nulled for nullnnullactnulling and regression testingnull Once again the control and renullatabilitnull asnullcts of the GNSS sinulllator are null erfnull allies in this tasknull In snullnullrnullnullif nullonullfollonullthese nullstenull nullonull’ll sleenullnullre nullacefnulllnull null Choose nullonull vendor after consideration of the cost and nullrfornullnce tradenullffs offerednull nullerfornull an evalnulltion nullonullselfnull Connullnullthenullnulle a GNSS sinulllator so that nullonullcan share tronulllesonull scenariosnull null nullevelonull nullonull circnullt and lanullonull nullth consideration for RF losses and interference sonullcesnull Connullnull onullration nulling nullonull GNSS sinulllatornull null nullenulle a baseline nullrfornullnce that shonulld be obtainable in nullodnulltion testingnull null controllednullrenullatable test nulling a GNSS sinulllator allonull ranulld evalnulltion of changes in the Gnull nullnullnull nullnullarenull or snullronullding circnulltrnullnullnullnull WiFinullnulllnulltoothnull board lanullonull etcnull nullage nullSPIRENT eBook Blog How to reduce the challenge of Gnull integration nullcationnullased services put pressure on GNSS receiver performance In the nullstnull designers of satellitenullased navigation snulltenull have been nullstlnull restricted to nulling a single snulltenull and servicenullthe Gnull Cnull codenull The cnullrent revolnullion in the indnulltrnullis giving rise to not onlnull nenull GNSS snulltenullnull sonull GNSS snulltenullnullnotablnullGnull and Galileonullhave nullltinulle services available to the conullercial GNSS designernullThe nullestion of nullich snulltenull or blend of snulltenull a GNSS designer shonulld considernullalong nullth the nulltential for nullltinulle services is thnull an entirelnullnenullconsiderationnull The anulllication of the receiver nullder develonullent nullnulldenulle the ansnuller to this nenullconnulldrnull to sonull enullentnullbnull in nullnnull cases the onlnullnullnullto ansnuller the nullestion fnulllnullbefore conullitting to a nullrticnullar design nullth is to investigate the onullions available nulling a GNSS sinulllatornull While nullestions snullronullding the nullre accnullacnullof annullgiven receiver nulling either one or nullltinulle GNSS snulltenull or services need to be ansnullerednullthere are also a nullltitnulle of associated nullestions regarding device nullrfornullncenull snullh as null er consnullnullionnull interfacenull nullltinullth and interference resistance etcnullthat also need to be ansnullerednull The availabilitnull of nullltinullrenullencnullnull nulllti snulltenull nulllti service GNSS sinulllators allonull the GNSS develonullr to ansnuller these nullestions nullth conulllete connullence in the nullal design choicenull Fnullthernullrenull the sinulllator is invalnullble in the actnulll design effort and integration of the receiver into a given anulllicationnull Find onull nullre abonull honullSnullrent sinulllators can helnullnullonullbnulldonullloading the Snullrent enulloknull Integrating a GNSS Receiver into a nullrodnullt nullesignnull httnullnullnullnullnullnullrentnullonullWhitenullanullrsnull nullositioningnullnulloksnullntegratingnullnullNSSnull Receivernullntonullnullrodnulltnullesignnullnulloknullsnull nullage nullSPIRENT eBook Blog nulluestions facing modern GNSS developers ‘nullonulldo the nullgnalnullget from the nullSS nullmulator to the denullce under tenullnull One nullestion that regnullarlnull cronull null in discnullsions abonull GNSS receiver testing concerns enullctlnullhonullthe signals get fronullthe GNSS sinulllator to the device nullder testnullIs it better to radiate the sinulllator signal to the receiver’s antennanullor shonulld nullonullconullle thenull directlnull The short ansnuller to this is that a direct connection fronullthe sinulllator to the receiver’s antenna nullrt nullll alnullnull nullovide the nullst controlled test environnullnt nullth no risk of onullside innullencenull The connection is nullnullllnull nullrfornulld nulling a sinullle coanullal cable that acts as a null ohnulltransnullssion linenullor it nullnullrenullire the addition of a lonullnoise anulllinullr in cases nullere the receiver is designed to nulle an active antennanull In either casenullnullking the direct connection null alnullnull nulling highnullnulllitnull cables and conullonents nullnullll enable all tests to be nullde nullder controlled conditionsnull Of conullsenull sonull tnulles of locationnullnabled enullinullent have no enullernal antenna nullrtnull and in nullnnull cases the antenna is entirelnull hidden fronull vienullnull So here nullacticalitnull dictates that a radiated signal nullst be nullednull This doesnull honullevernull leave the test setnull onulln to all nullnner of onullside interferencenull and this can nullke resnullts nullreliablenullSo for fnulll connullence in the resnullts of the test nulle reconullend nulltting the enullinullent nullder test inside an RF screened enclosnulle together nullth the radiating antenna fronullthe sinulllatornull nullanullng the connection in GNSS testing ‘Nenull performance nullandardnullare being nullittennull Traditionallnullnullcivilian nulle of Gnull nulls seen as free and to a large enullent nullat nullonull onull risknull The tnullical nullrfornullnce one nullght enullect nulls stated in the relevant Interface Control nullocnullents nullCnullsnull bnull no gnullrantee of service nulls givennullThe reason for this nulls the historical renullt of Gnull as a snulltenullto satisfnull US nulllitarnullrenullirenullntsnullthe civilian nulle of the coarse acnullisition nullnullnull ranging code being essentiallnulla bnullnullodnullt of its nullinullrnull nullenullnullich nulls to nullovide classinulld receivers a nullrst stenull’ tonullrds fast acnullisition of the nullecise nullnullnullnull codenull With the increasing nnullber of GNSS services that nullll offer certain gnullrantees of service schednulled to be available over the conullng nullearsnullthere is an increasing renullirenullnt for certinullation of these services and the GNSS devices that nulle thenull To facilitate these renullirenullntsnull nenull nullrfornullnce standards are being nullitten nullich are dictating the tests to be nullrfornulldnull nullage nullSPIRENT eBook Blog nullrtinullation of GNSS devices nulll nullonullr testing nullst have good integritnullnull that’s a givennullhonullevernullit is esnullciallnullso nullth certinullationnull verinullation and tnulle anullroval testingnull nullrticnullarlnull nullen the device and null or anulllication is safetnullcriticalnullThis is nullnull nulling nullantinullblenull traceable and accnullate test nullthods are inullortantnullnullccredited test laboratories nulle nullecision test enullinullent nullich is calibrated to standards traceable to National references for all certinullation and tnulle anullroval testingnull The sanull nullst therefore anulllnullto GNSS testingnullThis is nullnull nulling calibrated nullecision RF constellation sinulllators is the onlnull nullnull to nullrfornull this kind of testingnullThe inherent nullcertaintnulland variabilitnullof nulling other nullthods nullnullh as real GNSS signalsnullrnulles thenullonull conullletelnullnull Snullrent’s nulldigree in nullodnulling highnulldelitnullnull nullecision test enullinullent is nullell nulloven over nullre than null nullearsnull Snullrent has snullnullied enullinullent into critical test nullogranulles across the nullrldnullThis enullinullent has often been nullt thronullh rigoronull certinullation and validation nullogranulles to ensnulle thenull are thenullelves null for certinullation testingnull The nullst recent enullnullles of this arenull null The certinullation bnull the Enullonullan Snullce nullencnull and Galileo Snullervisornull nullnullhoritnull of the nullrld’s nullst Galileo RF constellation sinulllator for the Gronulld Receiver Chain nullRCnulland Test User Segnullnt nullTUSnullreceiver develonullents in the IOV nullase of the Galileo nullogranullenull null The certinullation of Snullrent’s GnullONnullS inulllenullntation bnullthe Rnullsian anullhorities Sonullto ensnulle nullonull testing is null to standardnull nullke snulle nullonull select test enullinullent fronull Snullrentnullthe nullrld’s leading and nullst nulloven sinulllator nullovidernull Test integritnullis essential nullannullactnullers of consnuller nullodnullts ronullinelnull nullrfornullfnullctional testing on all nullodnulltion onullnulltnulland it nullnulld anullear that adding sonull fornullof location testing to these nullodnulltion test ronullines nullnulld be snullnullient to verifnull the reliabilitnullof the GNSS receiver nullthin the end nullodnulltnullnullonullevernullit is all too easnullto adonull the attitnulle that the sinulllest of tests nullll snullnulle nullnullrticnullarlnullnullen the dnullation of each test can have a signinullant inullact on nullodnulltivitnullnull nullthonullh it nullnullbe the case that all the other fnullctions of the end nullodnullt can be assessed nullth a relativelnullstraightfornullrd gonullonullo testnull taking snullh an attitnulle nullth a GNSS receiver is franullht nullth dangernullThe end nuller nullll enullect the nullodnullt to nullrfornulladenullatelnullnullder a nullde varietnullof conditionsnullThis nullans that the receiver nullll need to be tested not nullst for an nulldealnullsitnulltionnullbnull also for adenullate nullrfornullnce in the nullesence of nullltinullth interferencenullall nullnner of nullnulling signals and less than ideal atnullsnulleric conditionsnull Kenulltest challenges in a nullroduction line environment The nullst obstacle that nullll be enconulltered in integrating GNSS receiver testing into a nullodnulltion test setnull is nullettnull obvionullnullnull snullh tests are nullrfornulld at the end of the nullodnulltion linenullthenullare inevitablnullnullrfornulld indoorsnull nulld regardless of nullether the enullinullent is designed to nullrk indoors or onulldoorsnullthe roof and nulllls of the bnulllding nullll introdnulle variables into the test that nullll negate its effectivenessnullSonullalled nullivenull sknullnulltesting is therefore inullossible nullthonull relanullng the GNSS signals fronullonulldoors to the nullodnulltion testernull It is a relativelnullsinullle enullercise to canullnulle live GNSS signals and renulladiate thenullnullthin the nullodnulltion test environnullntnull nullonullevernull this conulls nullth its onull set of shortconullngsnull Firstnull radiating annull signal in snullh an environnullnt nullght have nullforeseen consenullences on other tests that are nullrfornulld on the nullodnulltnull and converselnullnull other RF signals and noise nullthin the nullodnulltion test area nullnullnullell inullact on the integritnullof the GNSS signalsnull nullore inullortantlnullnull thonullhnull the inherentlnull dnullanullc natnulle of GNSS signals nullans that nullile each nullit nullnull nullell be tested in the sanull nullnullical location nullnullnullin the nullodnulltion tester nulltnullenull the relative nullsitions of the GNSS satellites nullll be different for evernull nullit testednullnulldnullnot snullnullisinglnullnullthis nullkes direct conullarison betnulleen resnullts nullreliable at bestnull Continued... nullage nullSPIRENT eBook Blog Testing GNSS receivers in a production environment ‘Tenullnulltypically performed on any nanullgation denullce are inherently complexnull GNSS tests within a nullroduction line environment In order to fnulllnullassess the nullrfornullnce of a GNSS receiver enulledded in annull nullece of enullinullentnull it is inullortant to nullrk onull enullctlnullnullat resnullnse is renullirednullThere nullll be varnullng degrees of nullrfornullnce renullirednull denullnding on the end anulllicationnull bnull the renullirenullnt nullll be for a conullination of navigational accnullacnull and sensitivitnull nullder a nullde range of onullrational conditionsnull There nullll also be a renullirenullnt for the enullinullent to nullrk nullth not nullst the enullsting Global nullositioning Snulltenull bnull also nullth the forthconullng enhanced Gnullnull GnullONnullS and Galileo snulltenull at the vernullleastnull Sonull snulltenull nullnull have no direct onullnulltnull Ornullnullre to the nullintnullthe onullnullt nullnullonlnull be in the fornullof an alarnullor trigger that is snullnullsed to be nullodnulled nullth nullonullnulltnullto certain conullrdinatesnull This does not honullever nullan that the nullrfornullnce denullnds on the receiver are annull less ardnullnullnullIt nullnulld honullevernulldictate the nullssnullail criteria for the nullodnulltion testnull GNSS test solutions for a nullroduction line environment Given the inherent variabilitnullof annulltnulle of livenullknulltestingnullit is logical to seek a nullre nullecise and renullatable stinulllnull against nullich the nullrfornullnce of an enulledded GNSS receiver can be assessednullnulld this can be snullnullied in the fornullof a GNSS sinulllatornull null nullltichannel nullltinullNSS sinulllator nullder softnullre control can nullodnulle all the necessarnullsignals renullired to test the relevant nullrfornullnce criteria of annullenulledded GNSS receiver in annull locationnullnabled devicenull nullost inullortantlnullnull it can do so consistentlnull and renullatablnullfor evernullnullit to be testednull ensnulling that nullnnullactnulling onullnullt is nullnull null for nullrnullsenull The tests tnullicallnull nullrfornulld on annull navigation device are inherentlnull conulllenull covering the fnulll range of nullrfornullnce criteria fronullnavigational accnullacnulland sensitivitnullto acnullisition tinull and inullnullitnullto interferencenull These tests have been designed to ensnulle the nullrfornullnce of dedicated GNSS receiversnull and have been nulloved over snullcessive generations of nullrsonal navigation devicesnull Fortnullatelnullnull once the desired nullrfornullnce of the design has been characterisednull the nullodnulltion tests for the end nullodnullt can be renulled into a considerablnull snullller set of accenullance criteria that can be nullrfornulld in a relativelnullshort tinull nulls little as nullnullnnullesnull The Snullrent GSSnullnull nullnulltinullNSS Signal Generator has been designed snullcinullallnull for high volnulle nullodnulltion test anulllications for devices that nulle conullercial GnullnullnullSnull GnullONnullS andnullr Galileo receiversnull Visit onull video librarnullto nulld onull nullre on honullSnullrent can helnullnull nullage nullSPIRENT eBook Blog ‘Three more nullnullnullSS null nulltellitenullare nullheduled for launchnull The Rnullsian Federation has conull null nullth fnullther nullenconullagenullntnull for nullnnullactnullers to snullnullrt the GnullONnullS satellite navigation snulltenull nullth the threat of inullort dnullies to be levied on annull nullbile handsets nullthonull GnullONnullS fnullctionalitnullnull enulltnullnullrinull nullinister Sergei Ivanov has revealed that the dnullnullnullll be nullabonull nullnullnullnullll be introdnulled bnullnullnull and nullll be levied on handsets inullorted to the Rnullsian Federation nullth Gnullnullnlnull nullsitioning technolognullnull Three nullre GnullONnullS null satellites are schednulled for lanullch bnull the end of nullnullnull allonullng Rnullsia to onullrate a conulllete GnullONnullS netnullrk nullth global coverage and have three or fonull satellites in reservenullnull fnullther eight satellites nullll be lanullched betnulleen nullnull and nullnull to enable fnullther rednulldancnulland to renullace sonull of the earlier satellites that are reaching their end of lifenullnulll this nullll be added to the investnullnt of over USnull billion over the nullst null nullearsnullnullich enulllains nullnull Rnullsia is so keen to see GnullONnullS adonulled both nullthin its onull borders and in the nullrld at largenull nullannullactnullers of nullbile handsets and other locationnullased technologies can nullrk on their nullltinullNSS designs todanullfeatnulling Gnull and GnullONnullS canullbilities nulling Snullrent’s range of constellation sinulllatorsnullThis also enullends to coverage of the Galileo and Conullass snulltenullnull long in advance of their nullnullical lanullchesnull Threat of import duties to increase appeal of GnullONnullS Todanullnullnavigation and nullsitioning technolognull is no longer nullst abonull Gnull null Cnull codenull Gnull is being nullderninullednull the GnullONnullS constellation is nearlnullconullletenullnenullsnulltenull inclnulling nullSSnullIRNSSnullGalileo and Conullass are on the nullnullnull nullnulltinullNSS offers signinullant onullortnullities and challenges to GNSS technolognullnullsnulltenull and anulllication develonullrsnull Snullrent nullltinullNSS sinulllation snulltenull are nonull being nullrchased bnull cnulltonullrs develonullng conullercial snulltenull and nullst chinullet nullnnullactnullers have nullans to release dnulll constellation chinullets before the end of nullnullnull If nullonull haven’t alreadnull done sonull check onull this conullrehensive article in Inside GNSS nullganullne on nullnulltinullNSS testing fronull the Rnull stage thronullh IntegrationnullValidation to nullrodnulltion Testing nullnulltinullNSS enullinullentnull Snulltenullnull Sinulllators and the nullrodnulltion nullnullanulld As new GNSS systems appear, the time for multi-GNSS simulator testing has arrived. Three receiver designers and researchers look at use of this essential tool throughout the entire receiver development cycle: from research, development, design and validation through chip, module, nullnulland user device development senullences and on to consumer testing, certinullation, maintenance and repair. http:nullwww.insidegnss.comnullodenullnullnull nullage nullSPIRENT eBook Blog nullnullare we talnullng about nullultinullNSSnull ‘Todaynullnanullgation and ponulltioning technology inullno longer nullnull about nullS null nullnullcodenull In addition to the nenullsignals to be broadcast nullder the Gnull nullderninulltion nullonullctnullthere are to be tnull signinullant changes to the enullsting civilian signalsnull both designed to inullrove the nullrfornullnce of Gnull receiversnull The nullst is an additional datanullree nulllot signal and the second is the addition of fornullrd error correction nullECnullencoding to the navigation nullssagenull The nenull datanullree signal nullll be broadcast alongside the nornulll data signalnullacting as an easnulltonullcnullire nulllot signalnullOnce acnullired bnulla Gnull receivernullthe nulllot signal nullll be nulled to acnullire the data signalnullThis nenullschenull nullll inullrove the acnullisition of the Gnull signal and boosts nullnuller levels at the correlatornull The second inullrovenullntnull the addition of fornullrd error correction encoding to the navigation nullssagenull is designed to nullke the overall Gnull signal nullre robnulltnullThis is becanulle the navigation nullssage is broadcast at snullh a lonulldatanullate nullronulld nullbitnullnullthat even a snullll interrnulltion to the signal can have a signinullant effect on the recenullion of the nullssagenull The fornullrd error correction nullrks bnulladding snulltenullticallnullgenerated rednulldant data nullr errornullorrecting codenull to the nullssagenull The carefnulllnull designed rednulldancnull allonull the receiver to detect and correct a linullted nnullber of errors occnullring annullhere in the nullssage nullthonull the need to receive additional datanull nullesigners of GNSS enullinullent can nullenullre for Gnull nulldernisation bnullsinulllating all the nenull signals todanullnulling Snullrent’s range of GNSS sinulllatorsnull Not onlnull do these instrnullents alreadnullcover all the nenulland enhanced signals that nullll be nullovided bnullthe nulldernised Gnull constellationnullthenullalso cover all signals for the GnullONnullS and Galileo GNSSs as nullell as the regional and local anullnullntation snulltenullnull nullage nullSPIRENT eBook Blog Gnull moderninulltion with improved civilian signals ‘The nenulldatanullree nullgnal nullll be broadcanull alongnullde the normal data nullgnalnull Spirent nullmmunications nullnullnullnull nullnullnull globalsalesnullnullrentnullonull nullnullnullnullrentnullonullnullsitioning Spirent nullederal Snulltems null nullnullnullnullnullnull infonullnullrentfederalnullonull nullnullnullnullrentfederalnullonull nullnullnot share this documentnull nullisit the Spirent GNSS blog nullnullnullnullrentnullonullnulllognullositioningnullsnull Facebook nullnkedIn Tnulltter Technorati Google null nulligg nullelicionull Reddit Stnullblenullon Other resources that manullbe of interestnull eBoonullnull nullChoosing a GNSS sinulllator nullSinulllation versnull real nullrld testing null Testing nullnulltinullNSS in an Rnull environnullnt null Testing nullnulltinullNSS in an Integration nullValidation environnullnt null Testing nullltinullth nullrfornullnce of GNSS receivers null The fnulldanullntals of GNSS sinulllation nullRecord nullnulllanullack null The risks and linulltations of GNSS live sknulltesting null Testing GNSS nullnullonulltive and Telenulltics anulllications for snulltenullintegritnull nullIntegrating a GNSS receiver in to a nullodnullt design nullConullon GNSS snulltenull errors null null introdnulltion to GNSS RF Record nullnulllanullack Snulltenull nulltnull nullGSSnullnull RF Rnull nullnulllication and Testing Enullnullles null nullrid nullositioning null What nullonullneed to knonullabonull GNSS leanullseconds null Testing GNSS receivers for railnullnullnulle nullnullstenull to sinulller GNSS testing null Ten Factors to Consider nullen Testing NenullGNSS Chinullet nullesigns null Whnullsinulllatenull null What is a GNSS sinulllatornull nullnull nullears of GNSS Testing nullth Snullrent nullnullnullnull Issnull nullnull Enullracts nullSnullrent GNSS receiver testing enullok